José Maria de Eça de Queiroz

José Maria de Eça de Queiroz (1845–1900) was a Portuguese novelist and diplomat, widely regarded as a leading figure of Portuguese Realism and Naturalism. Born in Póvoa de Varzim, he studied law at the University of Coimbra and began his career in journalism. He entered the diplomatic service and served in posts including Havana, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Paris. His fiction is noted for sharp social satire and detailed observation of Portuguese society. Major works include *O Crime do Padre Amaro*, *O Primo Basílio*, and *Os Maias*. He died in Paris and was later reinterred in Portugal.