André Malraux

André Malraux (1901–1976) was a French novelist, essayist, and statesman. He gained international recognition with *La Condition humaine* (*Man’s Fate*, 1933), which won the Prix Goncourt, and wrote other major novels including *La Voie royale* and *L’Espoir*. Deeply engaged with the political crises of his time, he supported the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. After World War II he became a prominent public figure in France and, under President Charles de Gaulle, served as Minister of Cultural Affairs (1959–1969). In later years he published influential writings on art and culture, including *Les Voix du silence*.