B. F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904–1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, and author whose work shaped modern behavior analysis. He developed the theory of operant conditioning, emphasizing how consequences such as reinforcement and punishment influence behavior. Skinner designed experimental apparatus including the “Skinner box” to study learning in controlled settings. He wrote widely for both specialists and general readers, presenting his ideas about education, society, and human behavior. His best-known books include the utopian novel *Walden Two* (1948) and the controversial social critique *Beyond Freedom and Dignity* (1971). Skinner taught at Harvard University and remained influential throughout the twentieth century.